Unscalped turfgrass yielded nearly 50% lower white clover densities than those scalped before seeding, possibly as a result of decreased seed-to-soil contact and increased bermudagrass competition. White clover establishment was improved by scalping before October seeding, but these effects were not further enhanced by the addition of verticutting or hollow tine aerification. Four studies were conducted to evaluate seeded white clover establishment within a dormant hybrid bermudagrass lawn as affected by 1) pre-seeding mechanical surface disruption 2) establishment timing 3) seeding rate and 4) companion grass species. However, there are few guidelines for white clover establishment within warm-season turfgrasses. Proper white clover establishment is key to maximizing stand uniformity and N contribution to associated grasses. White clover ( Trifolium repens L.) inclusion is a proposed means of increasing the sustainability of certain low-maintenance turfgrass scenarios through increased pollinator habitat and as a result of the legume’s ability to biologically fix atmospheric nitrogen (N).
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